Rewards System in HRM

Prizes System in HRM Part 1 The fundamental thought of HRM is first show up from 1980s; and characterized in exceptionally basic term as overseeing individuals in association and now in present day society, mechanical changes and creation of item and administrations request something other than overseeing individuals in an association (Newell and Scarbrough, 2002). The term Human Resource Management and Human Resource rose subsequent to supplanting the term Personnel Management with practically same meaning of overseeing individuals in an association; it is a purposeful and predictable methodology of overseeing authoritative basic resource (for example individuals) so as to work business easily and accomplish goals which works through human asset framework including HR systems, HR arrangements, HR process, HR practices and HR programs (Armstrong, 2006). HRM frameworks can be pass through authoritative skills to allow firms and industry to find and use existing and up and coming chances (Ulrich and Lake, 1990). Hierarchical adequacy, Human Capital administration, Knowledge Management, Reward Management, representative relations, Meeting Diverse requirements, bringing the hole among talk and the truth are the particular point of human asset the board (Armstrong, 2006:8). Believe every single human capacity to be either inborn or gained. Each individual is brought into the world with a specific arrangement of qualities, which decides his [sic] inborn capacity. Properties of obtained populace quality, which are significant and can be increased by suitable speculation, will be treated as human capital (Schultz, 1981, p.21 cited in fitz-enz, 2000, p. xii). Inspiration 1.2 Purpose of Study The basic role of this exploration is to investigate the prize framework and its effect on workers conduct in McDonalds. Moreover, this exploration will attempt to assess whether reward appropriate prize framework would be the better apparatuses for improving representatives execution. This exploration examination would be led through getting to conclusion and enthusiasm of representatives by disseminating all around planned poll set. Based on this examination, the exploration will attempt to counsel the methodologies and ideas for accomplishing workers fulfillment through appropriate and all around structured prize approaches in McDonalds. 1.3 Objectives of study The prize administration framework is a fundamental piece of present day business foundation; every single business is working through ideal use of human asset; in this way, representative fulfillment and prize framework are indispensable factors so as to accomplish hierarchical objective (Armstrong, 2009). The key target of this exploration is to analyze the connection between workers execution conduct and prize framework with in the association. Moreover, the particular targets of this examination are as beneath: To break down how reward framework assists with accomplishing authoritative objective and diminish work turnover. To examine why prizes are fundamental to help representatives execution. To discover what kind of remuneration framework are generally executed by McDonalds so as to spur workers. Prize framework inside an association have significant job in creating absolute prize dependent on hierarchical qualities and targets; It assists with giving reminder about the significance in term of conduct and results; Well structured prize framework backing to build execution culture and positive employment relationship just as mental agreement (Armstrong and Helen, 2004). Moreover, this examination offers data and information to help in other important exploration and study to accomplish information and better comprehension of drawbacks. This examination targets issues on remuneration framework as well as include and discover the different options like: non-monetary prizes can supplant the money related prizes whenever applied after point by point investigation of workers premium and requirements. This investigation will attempt to see if or not; nature of administration in McDonalds relies on remuneration framework inside association. This examination discoveries and results may assists with improving comprehension between workers fulfillment execution and prize framework. It at last serves to the new HR administrators to configuration better reward framework dependent on workers intrigue and needs. Different sort of remunerations, representatives desire, workers fulfillment, workers needs and authoritative objectives are the key elements of this examination. 1.4 Research Questions How reward framework assists with accomplishing hierarchical objective and lessen work turnover? Why awards inside an association are basic to support workers execution? What sorts of remuneration framework are for the most part actualized by association so as to spur representatives? 1.5 Assumptions Supposition A A/0: It is accepted that there is connection between remuneration framework and worker conduct. A/1: It is accepted there is no connection between remuneration framework and worker conduct. Supposition B B/0: It is accepted that there is connection between worker fulfillment and representative prize framework. B/1: It is accepted that there is no connection between worker fulfillment and representative prize framework. Supposition C C/0: It is accepted that there is connection between worker fulfillment and quality administrations. C/1: It is expected that there is no connection between representative fulfillment and quality administrations. 1.6 Research Structure So as to investigate reward framework and its effect on representatives conduct, this examination will survey the current and current writing under the situation of remuneration and prize hypothesis executed by different industry in section two. This exploration will likewise assess the representative fulfillment in connection with remuneration furnished at McDonalds with the assistance of essential information gathered from workers. Consequently, in the writing audit section, various hypotheses identifying with remunerations, issues on remunerations and its sorts will be altogether inspected. The third section, Research procedure will address theory, approach and strategies for research attempted for this examination. It will likewise clarify the inspecting, contextual analysis, research procedure, information assortment apparatuses, wellspring of information and the strategy for information examination. The fourth part, Data investigation and Presentation will introduce the consequ ences of the examination in connection with segment investigation of the respondents and their fulfillment level in McDonalds reward framework. Different figures and graphs will be referenced in this section so as to make straightforward and nitty gritty report on research. In the fifth section, ends and proposals will be made dependent on information examination and Presentation. This scientist will offer suggestion to the organization (for example McDonalds) with due consultation to the aftereffects of the essential information and the survey of the writing. After wards, References and informative supplements will be remembered for research paper for better understanding and legitimacy of study. Section 2 Writing Review Hypothetical Framework This section features on the writing that is accessible in the point particularly the essential concern and points of the examination is to principally concentrate on the connection between association objective and its prize arrangement of chose drive-through eatery. It incorporates writing with respect to hypotheses on the point and survey of the watched proof of past investigations. With respect to concern a few books, articles, diaries, research examines have been explored in this subject. The primary destinations of the writing survey is to discover what exploration contemplates have been led in ones chose of creating research plan. Along these lines the past examinations can't be in secret since they give the establishment of the current investigation. 2.2 Conceptual Framework Before getting into the center topic of Reward framework in benefit making association, it is basic to be familiar with the general idea of remuneration, advantage and other related points and general profile of association. To comprehend it better, the accompanying segments and sub-areas will look at the applied matter of the prize framework and give brief presentation of the association under exploration. 2.3 The setting of Reward the board In 1960s and 1970s the fundamental driver behind acquaintance of motivating force plans was with manufacture way of giving laborers wages and compensations during a period of government controls (Bowley et al 1982). Because of absence of legitimate technique and arrangements, some of managers increase decreased expense and even beneath half of expanded results; in 1980s and 1990s the idea of paying individuals was changed where specialist were paid for their exhibition as opposed to participation; correspondingly tax collection strategy was marginally changed as lower rate in annual duty (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2005). Installment framework has been definitely changed in Britain in the course of the most recent twenty years and heaps of ideas are risen according to pay and compensation which are legitimately in charge of the executives; likewise, in USA, another idea of installment has developed under the rubric of the New Pay. This new example has extraordinary impact on Britains the board practice and government also (White and Druker, 2000). The new example of contemplating New Pay in Britain is reward the board (term utilized by Armstrong and Murlis 1988) has same administration concern. At that point, these ideas fall upon two grounds: 1) compensating representatives for work done and 2) compensation framework to be restrictive upon business strategy. Moreover, the enthusiasm for remuneration framework idea had been supported by IPD proficient schedule which remembers heaps of unit and title for representative prize and a particular reading material (Armstrong, 1999). The new prospectus by IPD gives higher accentuation on remunerating workers and representatives fulfillment towards work. Be that as it may, this all encompassing methodology of installment has not, until this point in time, reflected in scholastic writing, where contention emerges between miniaturized scale financial matters writing of work market analysts and human asset writing. The previous concern was about impact of pay on entire economy and effect on expansion, nudge

Risk Prediction of Automobiles Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hazard Prediction of Automobiles - Article Example For this situation, the exploration will consider the two diverse gauge esteems in particular the protection hazard rating and the standardized misfortunes. While the previous decides how much a car is hazardous than its cost demonstrates, the last gives the gauge of the relative normal loss of installment per safeguarded vehicle year. One of the most conspicuous hazard investigation strategies that are being used today in different insurance agencies is the protection chance factor profiling strategy. ... generally accomplished by breaking down information that has been gathered over some undefined time frame for protected substances. The data gathered is isolated by various factors. On account of vehicles, the factors normally comprise of both numerical and clear cut information sections and regularly; such information may likewise have clamor qualities. In any case, the occurrence of clamor in the examination and qualities is limited by utilizing programming profiling instruments that help in discovering explicit examples inside factors, connections among various arrangements of factors and the connections between a lot of factors as the need be (William Mendenhall, 2001). Regularly, these apparatuses use the assistance of man-made brainpower rationale, for example, neural systems and gradual discovering that notwithstanding deciding valuable outcomes, encourages utilize existing information to decide patterns for what's to come. Be that as it may, the shifted proficiency in lesseni ng clamor for various arrangements of information is one insufficiency of these hazard profiling devices. The utilization of programming apparatuses encourages the extraction and handling of huge volumes of information and requires least cost, time and exertion (Douglas L. Reilly, 1996). A case of such profiling is as demonstrated as follows: Fig: chance factor profiling method (Found at: www.roselladb.com) Be that as it may, the above strategy exhibits the way that there would be a huge contrast for the situation where the protection guarantee would be reliant on various variables/reasons. All things considered, the development

How to Develop a Code of Conduct for Your Company

How to Develop a Code of Conduct for Your Company WHAT IS A CODE OF CONDUCT AND WHY IS EVERYONE TALKING ABOUT IT?You probably heard about it…Serious companies nowadays cannot be imagined without their comprehensive codes of conduct.The surprising thing about these optimistic manifestos?Some of these happened to have quite massive practical influence!Google, Coca Cola, Ikea… Virtually all relevant companies have detailed and worked out codes of business conduct.And what’s even more important: They all try pretty hard to comply with principles stated in those seemingly irrelevant documents.What does this mean? Can this code of conduct be a legally binding document?No. This is not labor law or anything…The term refers to companies policy statements which define ethical standards for their business conduct.In other words, a code stipulates company’s values, missions and goals.For sure, the code may also touch upon more specific situations which may arise at the work place, hence, provide guidance on how to proceed (e.g. unethi cal behavior, mobbing, sexual harassment, thefts etc.).When it comes to big, influential companies, they DO pay attention to the principles stated in their codes. The main reason? Reputation and image.These companies are aware of their huge social and economic impact…Code of conduct serves to attest their ethical intentions. Failing to comply with such intentionsSuch failure can have a massive influence and sometimes even, fatally ruin a company’s image.Speaking of smaller companies, their code of conduct is NOT all that INFLUENTIAL.It is a useful tool, for sure, but it probably will not trigger such drastic results as within huge corporations.That be said…You may have been told you need a code of conduct or thought about it yourself but are not actually sure you want to invest time and/or money into its drafting.Do you really need it?A very general and rough estimate: you don’t really need it in this exact form if your company is very small, hence, employees less than 20 pe ople overall.Nevertheless, bear in mind that some ethical issues may have an even greater impact in smaller companies…To give an example: Think of romantic relationships at the work place. Imagine what a bad break up or even potential sexual harassment lawsuit could do to a small business… In a company with relatively small turnover and intimate working climate?The impact could prove much more significant than in big companies!Plus, you should definitely think of having a code if your company operates under strict liabilities policies or its operations have potentially high social/environmental influence.In such cases, companies size should not be the decisive factor.The thing is that all companies have some kind of policies and rules!A code of conduct is simple, rather general codification of the most important ones.Ultimately, it is up to you to decide how important policies are to be communicated within the company…A code may simply put more emphasis on those values you pra ise the most.And having decided you need a code of conduct… where do you start?STEP 1: INITIATE THE DRAFTOk, so you want it, you know you need it and your first question probably is:Who, in the god’s name should draft this thing?Let me answer some of FAQs here:Do I need a lawyer? Can I do it myself? Is this a whole team action, meaning all employees need to pitch in?IT DEPENDS!It depends on the company, on the impact you strive this conduct to have, how skilled you are with drafting of such documents, company regulations etc.Let’s start with a few general information:You do not need a lawyer.Consulting a lawyer could make sense if:you are a big company,your business has major influence of social or environmental kind, or you are a company bound by strict liability policies. (the list is not exclusive)In such cases, you may want to make sure your internal documents and guidelines are precise and work in your favor.In other cases, a lawyer should not be necessary since, as previ ously mentioned, code of conduct is not a legally binding document.You can do it (if you are up to the task).If you trust yourself with doing this, have some writing experience and perceive drafting of this code as a fun task rather than a real obligation, I don’t see a reason why you could not do it yourself.The thing is that it takes time and energy which are the exact things leadership is usually lacking.In the recent years, many companies transferred this obligation to the HR section, so this may be an idea…(If possible) the whole leadership should be on it.Why the WHOLE LEADERSHIP?Because this provides consistency, support for the document and most importantly, demonstrates unity among company’s leading people.And think about this… Aren’t these some of the very goals you wish to achieve by drafting the code?You don’t want someone from the leadership turning against the code and saying he/she hasn’t agreed to it from the very start…You especially do not want this scenario to happen the moment you wish to invoke the code and force someone to comply with it.Therefore, leadership, stakeholders, managing partners… the more relevant people you get to agree and sign the code, the better. As for the employees…Relax… drafting of the code should not be a team event.Nevertheless, it does make sense to get as many insights and pitches from the side of employees as possible…Why this, you may ask?Well, this code should serve as a guideline for everyone in the company, right?That be said, it should WORK IN PRACTICE, not only sound nice.And although you may think you know everything that is going on in the company… You could be wrong.You may fail to address some of employees major issues or struggles, due to simply not knowing about them.On another note, having a signature of employee’s representative may add up an extra impact and by letting employees in on the process, you may immediately strengthen their dedication to the code which is kind of the point.To sum up: The sole drafting process does not have to include lawyers, should lie upon the agreement of the whole leadership and should consider the standing of employees.Who puts it in words, you, HR or a third-party remains at the discretion of a specific company.And now that we have formalities settled…STEP 2: DECIDE ON COMPANY’S CORE VALUES.In the document itself, you start with the important stuff…The first question you should ask yourself is:Why do I need a code of conduct?Do you want people to know RULES? Good, transparency. People like knowing what they CAN and CANNOT DO. And even if they have been told something… they oftentimes really like to see it in writing too.You want to stress out some of COMPANIES GOALS (e.g. environmental goals, charities, fairness etc.)? Ok, goals give perspective and can guide the employees through some tough decisions they encounter in the everyday company setting.You strive to achieve friendly and productive WORKING CLIMAT E? Productivity equals profits and it is a fact: people are more productive when working in a friendly atmosphere where they feel comfortable and safe.All of these can be considered company’s values and all these KEY WORDS (among others) make the CORE OF THE CONDUCT.Basically, code of conduct demonstrates how employees, customers, partners, and suppliers can expect to be treated by a concrete company.And that is where you start! You start by elaborating on what your company stands for and the purpose of the conduct.An example:Company X strives to conduct business with honesty and integrity, and in compliance with the law. Code of Business Conduct provides guidance on the handling of ethical issues and the promotion of an ethical culture.(An example inspired by Coca Cola code of conduct)Think of this as an introduction, preamble…Make it clear and concise.It doesn’t have to be specific. Details will be communicated in the material part of the document.So since we got through the chit chat, let’s start with actual tips on how to draft the MATERIAL part of the code…STEP 3: WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE ‘BODY’ OF THE CODE?Ok, before getting to all necessary and unnecessary details, my suggestion to you would be to take a look at some of the examples of successful codes of business conduct (you can find one of the examples below).When scouting for inspiration, it may make sense to focus on the companies operating in your field or with the size similar to the one of your company.I am stressing this because every company has its specifics, meaning that it values certain principles more than others.Every code is a document for itself, however, there seems to be a general agreement regarding points which should be included in it:ValuesValues govern the company’s functioning and its decision making on all levels.What we often hear nowadays are buzz words such as: fairness, transparency, responsibility, credibility, diligence, aspiration, commitment, etc.By menti oning these in a code, a company dedicates itself to adhere to these values regardless of the situation and outcome, on all levels and all locations of its business.Example:The values that guide our decision-making are spelled out in our Code of Conduct. Put simply, our Code of Conduct challenges us to put the needs and well-being of the people we serve first. (Example inspired by JJ Credo)As you see, this part is, indeed, quite general but it serves the purpose of providing certain ultimate, unbreakable principles which remain binding for the company regardless of the situation.In an ideal case, a company should strive to provide some guidance on its INDIVIDUAL DEFINITION OF ITS VALUES.What is diligence, what is aspirational thinking etc…Explaining this in the code itself may not always be possible but in this case, a company should strive to provide guidance by developing practical tools, such as handbooks, case studies, best practices and/or organizing workshops.Guiding princip lesGuiding principles determine company’s modus operandi.Gender, social, religious equality; prohibition of all kinds of discrimination, opened and respectful treatment of employees throughout the whole supply chain, fairness and best quality for customers and partners etc.These principles are similar to values but are slightly more precise and concrete. They focus on specific ethical or practical issues of the modern business and demonstrate the position of a company in this regard.They can be more precise, e.g.:strict anti-bribery policy instead of a rather general statement, such as ‘adhering to the laws of the country’.It really is up to you how you phrase it…the idea remains the same:When in doubt on how to proceed in a potentially tricky situation, principles stated in the code should be able to provide guidance and help employees make best possible decision.A go to person or an officeThis person should be contact point for all questions, uncertainties or potential bre aches of obligation resulting from the code.Being a fairly general document, people will have questions about it.They may want to clarify a potentially tricky situation, file a complaint or report a potential misconduct…In case this happens, they need to know whom to go to, right?Therefore, one of the essential steps of drafting a code of conduct (and making it actually come to life) is coming up with a person responsible and capable of dealing with these technical matters.Very important…100% confidentiality is a must!Apart from this, you may also want to come up with a frequently asked questions and answers, hence, make these accessible for everyone in the company.I know this can be an extremely boring task but trust me… You will save yourself a lot of time and efforts by coming up with this QA section.Penalties and consequencesFor cases of breaches of commitments resulting from the code… Because you’ll probably have this as well!Strictly prescribed penalties provide clar ity and motivate people to obey rules resulting from the code.Many people may decide to comply with it because it is a decent thing to do and because it simply makes sense but there is no guarantee everybody will.For this less obedient group, there is only one way to go.Furthermore, many may regard penalties section as a proof of documents importance.This section may also get employees to comply with the rules without objecting too much or simply get them to think twice when conducting their everyday business.Last but not least, if a penalty is, indeed, invoked, it is always better to have a written legal ground which entitles such measures.Internal measures or not, it is always better to be on the safe side, right?ChecklistTo sum up, I provide you with a general overview of certain points which ought to be mentioned and elaborated in the code:Integrity and business ethics (see the guiding principles section)confidentialityRespectful treatment and prevention of harassment/mobbingcon flict of interests policyprotection of the brandwhere to ask questions and get an advicepunitive measures in case of a breach of obligations from the codeTIP 1: BE GENERAL AS POSSIBLE BUT MENTION KEY POINTSAnd this is very important!You want to cover all relevant areas but do not want to kill the reader with too many details.Once again, this is not a legal document and one of the most important features of a good code of conduct must be its SIMPLICITY.Or imagine it this way…It should be drafted in a way, that an average employee, without any legal knowledge can understand and comply with it.Reader friendly, you know?You should include above mentioned key points but don’t go into too many details.Let me give an example:Bribery in all forms is strictly forbidden.This is ok. What you should not be writing is something like this:Bribery in any form will not be tolerated. A definition of bribery is… Behavior and actions which could be perceived as bribery include (extensive list of actions)…I think you get the picture…A code should not strive to cover all issues a regular employee may encounter on a daily basis.It may be wise to remember that you, in fact, cannot cover all issues or dilemmas which may arise which is exactly why you shouldn’t attempt this in the first place.In order to achieve this goal, it may make sense to assign a go to person or the whole office which would be able to deal with questions, troubles and complaints on a case by case basis.A code should literally serve as a benchmark to help people become more sensitive, notice potential misconducts and potentially, encourage them to report them.It is for this reason that many big companies put a kind of a disclaimer at the very beginning, owing up to the fact they’ll never be able to cover all major ethical or god forbid, practical issues which may arise.Still, this only means they give up the intention to anticipate everything, not the intention to fight potential misconducts as they come across them.One final note:Skip the legal terms. Don’t miss the point… This document should really be as accessible and understandable as possible.One of the most famous codes of conduct, the one of Google, gained its significance for one reason only:It has proved to be easily understandable for everyone.Therefore, while drafting your own code, make this your mission as well…For the people to the people.TIP 2: INCLUSION OF EMPLOYEESWe already mentioned this earlier but this is where this contribution becomes truly significant.Include your employees when you already have a preliminary draft (if not before) and ask for their opinion.Some of the FAQs you should ask:Do they understand it? How do they understand it? Are there some topics which are relevant for them but remained uncovered by the document?But please, don’t go from one employee to another asking these questions…You can assemble a few employees from different sectors or have just one employees representative commenting and then signing the code.Even if you don’t include each and every one of employees, this approach will have multiple benefits and will gain additional credibility to the code you are drafting.Employees may give you a helpful insight on stress out some of the issues you overlooked.They may also say the document is complicated. Or they may say it is perfectly fine…In any event, you should bear in mind that employees remain one of your target groups, being directly affected by the company’s code of conduct…That be said, hearing what they have to say about it does make sense, doesn’t it?Such inclusion equals less work for you, more support for the document.And now that you have your draft ready…MAKE IT WORK: BRIEFINGS, REMINDERS, CONFIDENTIALITYCongratulations!Your company has a code of conduct and this is great news.But what happens now?Again, this remains up to a specific company and how it goes about the existence of its code of business conduct.The thing is t hat for many companies these principles never become more than words on paper…Simply having them, even in writing, doesn’t suffice.Don’t let your efforts to be a waste of time! Make it work!The company must stress its guiding principles consistently, remind people of its values regularly and have actual, functioning instruments to deal with potential misconduct.What should you be doing in practice to ensure your code actually comes to life (and stays relevant)?Well, you can start by:Answering frequently asked questions regarding the code and making them accessible for everyone in the company.Provide a go to person to solve dilemmas and attend for potential whistle-blowers. Employees rarely feel comfortable coming up about their colleagues or even, superiors and they need to know their career will not be jeopardized in any case.There must be absolutely NO RETRIBUTION for people who decide to come clean about potential misconducts and potentially, make a mistake.Dealing with pot ential misconducts, conversations and investigations within the company should be as confidential as possible. Negative publicity could bring more harm than the actual misconducts, plus, it may scare of employees from ever coming clean about anything.Penalties should be proportional to the action that triggered them, meaning, you don’t sanction a person for accepting a chocolate from the client. Or you do… but in this case, your company may not have the best working climate and atmosphere.At least once per year, employees should be reminded of the code and what these principles stand for.At least once per year, leadership or whoever is in charge of the code should revise it and potentially, amend it, if there is a need for any changes due to recent developments in the company. Such changes should then be communicated within the company as soon as possible.Just to be sure all employees understand the code and its purpose, it may be useful to organize occasional briefings and exer cises, hence, let people in on best practices which can be used to deal with potentially tricky situations.It could be useful to include a mandatory briefing on this topic for all new hires joining the company. This way, they get the idea about its significance from the very start of their employment.Actually incorporate these principles into the everyday business, regardless of how insignificant individual actions may seem. That is how words come to life…And there you have it…It’s not as hard as it seems and having a functional code of conduct may actually improve company’s functioning in many ways.Final piece of advice: Make sure you believe it! The biggest issue with documents of this kind may be them sounding fake or artificial. The result?People will not buy it!Furthermore, they will have troubles understanding and complying with it.Copying another company’s code of conduct may be a lot easier but you will not get it to sound real.   Not in a million years…For this reason, make sure you draft it as personal and true as possible. Focus on the spirit and actual values of your specific company!Consider it an actual contribution to the company’s functioning and live by it.That is the only way it makes sense…

Essay on John Steinbeck’s The Leader of the People

â€Å"The Leader of the People† In John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Leader of the People,† a theme that is portrayed throughout the story is that of the contrast between dream and reality. In the story, Grandfather cannot come to grasp that his dreams of the West and moving across the plains are over and that reality has set in. Another story that contrasts dream and reality is Ambrose Pierce’s â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge.† In this story, Farquhar cannot tell the difference between dream and reality until the very last second, when he is hanged. The plot in each of the stories is completely different, but both add to the theme of the contrast between dream and reality. In â€Å"The Leader of the People,† Grandfather returns to his†¦show more content†¦They live on a farm with plenty of food and comfort in the place they live in. They trust the land and have lost the excitement of the West. The setting of â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge† is that o f a southern farm during the Civil War. Farquhar believes he can trust the soldier in gray, though he is misled by his setting. Steinbeck’s tone in the story is critical of those living their lives in the past. Grandfather only speaks of the times he had while crossing the plains, fighting with the Indians, and leading the people. He is also critical of people who believed that being a hero and leader was being able to fight the Indians, but Grandfather comes to the realization that he was a real leader when the people he was with trusted him. Pierce’s tone in the story was a very serious one in which he championed the fight shown by the South and there struggle to fight for what they believed in, only to be taken down by the Union. These tones both add to the theme because the attitude taken by the author to the story they are writing tells what they are trying to portray. Both Steinbeck and Pierce were writing about the contrast between dreams and realities in their modern worlds. Grandfather wishes for when he was on top of the world and Farquhar wishes to be back at home, safe and sound with his family. Both men are brought back into reality by the characters around them. TheyShow MoreRelatedThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1189 Words   |  5 PagesSteinbeck’s uses of Socialist Ideas in â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† Shortly after being released John Steinbeck’s book â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† was banned because many critics viewed the novel as promoting communist propaganda, or socialist ideas. 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The desire for wealth in capitalist society leads to corruption and causes a divide between the rich and the poor, so perhaps a system that supports equality and fairness is a better choice. The Eastern-European expression,â⠂¬Å"Capitalism is man exploiting man; communism is just the opposite,† summarizes one of the main ideas in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes ofRead MoreLennie and George in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pages John Steinbeck wrote the play Of Mice and Men in 1937 (Steinbeck). It is a play about two ranch workers who do not have the best of luck. The two workers were named George and Lennie. George was a more small bodied man. His partner Lennie was a giant among average sized people. They are on the road going place to place working numerous jobs. Lennie has a learning disability. The two work hand and hand. George is there to keep Lennie out of trouble. Lennie in a way helps keep George together. SometimesRead More Character Development in John Steinbecks Cannery Row Essay750 Words   |  3 PagesCharacter Development in John Steinbecks Cannery Row Maybe its more important to be appreciated than to be wealthy. Cannery Row by John Steinbeck (1945) is one of the most unique of all of the Nobel Prize winning novels. Cannery Row is set in a very poor area of California known as Monterey. It is a small port town south of San Francisco. The time era is post Depression and World War II. The novel is about how lower class people with warm hearts have the ability to create their own heavenRead More Themes Of Unity In The Grapes Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pages John Steinbecks novel, The Grapes of Wrath, is a moving account of the social plight of Dustbowl farmers and is widely considered an American classic. The novel takes place during the depression of the 1930s in Oklahoma and all points west to California. Steinbeck uses the Joad family as a specific example of the general plight of the poor farmers. The Joads are forced off of their farm in Oklahoma by the banks and drought, and they, like many other families of the time, head out for the promised

Literature Through The Use Of Ethnographies - 1389 Words

literature through the use of Ethnographies. By doing so, Anthropologists initiate on-going conversations within this field, engaging in a plethora of topic ideas and research studies. This does not only create a platform for discussion but permits a variety of opinions amongst social findings that continue to develop our understanding of societal behaviours. This notion is evident in Undoing Kinship which explores the meaning of Kinship and further, how it is understood and exercised in different cultures. It is through this text that we, as readers, and others, as Anthropologists, begin to question our own knowledge of Kinship and review these viewpoints in aid of a wider Anthropological conversation. Undoing Kinship focuses on how kinship is formed, maintained and equally removed. Its reference to new reproductive technologies (NTRs) provokes an exploration of kinship in detail, in which conception is not the only attributing factor. Edwards encounter with the people in Alltown draws on the intricacies of family relationships and reveals that from Kinship stems many concepts. This is emphasised through wider kin and donor siblings in which relations extend beyond scientific and biological donor practice as social relationships are often formed between children conceived with gametes from the same donor. Edward later argues in Donor Siblings that kinship can be ignited through desire, will and intention, even if the spark came from elsewhere. ThisShow MoreRelatedSocio Cultural Aspects Of Therapeutic Relations1522 Words   |  7 PagesRESEARCH METHOD As mentioned in the literature review, no studies have focused on socio cultural aspects of Therapeutic relation ship in Indian outpatient physiotherapy department. Therefore, the intention of this study is to seek an in-depth understanding of socio cultural factors that associates with therapeutic relationship in outpatient physiotherapy settings in India by using a focused ethnographic design. This study will be conduct through two phases. The first phase of this study will beRead MoreWriting Across A Broad Spectrum1000 Words   |  4 Pages Getting to know Waiwai, with regards to the world of anthropology, is a traditional ethnography. A subject for those with little anthropological background it delivers a general account of the ‘Indian’ way of life, providing an insight in to the world of the Wayapi. Intended for those with an interest in Amazonia, Campbell provides a refreshing if not unorthodox encapsulation of the Wayapi culture. Writing across a broad spe ctrum, Campbell is sententious yet objective in this philosophicallyRead MoreComparing The Writing Styles Of Different Ethnographic Resources1437 Words   |  6 Pagesinteraction. I will draw on the following four ethnographies: Skinner’s â€Å"The ‘PB’ and the Aestheticization of Violence in Northern Ireland† (2008), Titchkosky’s â€Å"’To Pee or Not to Pee?’ Ordinary Talk About Extraordinary Exclusions in a University Environment† (2008), Woodward’s â€Å"Hanging Out and Hanging About: Insider/Outsider Research in the Sport of Boxing† (2008) and Zaman’s â€Å"Native Among the Natives: Physician Anthropologist Doing Hospital Ethnography at Home† (2008) to reveal effective writingRead MoreHealth Promotion Model : A Meta Synthesis1303 Words   |  6 PagesPromotion Model: A meta-synthesis† has been to-the-point and has been definite. The title has hinted at the way the research would be conduc ted without elaborating about the results. The authors of this article have done well to avoid the use of specialized language and use of abbreviations that could have made the article difficult to understand. The title of the research does not present a yes or no situation or a context. The article has only a main title. The variables used for the research have beenRead MoreAnalysis Of Tell My Horse By Zora Neale Hurston1476 Words   |  6 Pages In Zora Neale Hurtson’s ethnography, Tell My Horse (1938), she uses her research and field notes from her year in the Caribbean islands to study how the political atmosphere and culture tie into the religion of Vodoun. Being one of the first in her field to study this religion, Hurston hoped to expand research upon the subtle nuances within the African diaspora and increase the people of Caribbean’s acceptance of their African identity. In doing so, Hurtson found her research discouraged the ideaRead MoreDance Of The Call Be lls Essay1168 Words   |  5 Pagesa few things that gives patients a feeling that they still have some control. The title of the article Dance of the Call Bells: Using Ethnography to Evaluate Patient Satisfaction with Quality of Care, suggests that the key phenomenon of the study was the evaluation of patients’ satisfaction with quality of care they received in terms of their experience in the use of call bells (Deitrick, Bokovoy, Glenn, Panik, 2006). The title did not describe the population, group or community under study, otherRead MoreThe, You re A Fag : Masculinity And Sexuality1399 Words   |  6 Pagesvary depending on who you may ask, C.J. Pascoe’s ethnography titled Dude, You’re A Fag: Masculinity and Sexuality in High School targets high school as being the important location where the term masculinity is asserted, defended and defined by the students who roam the halls of River High. High school is a difficult time for anyone, especially when we bring up the ideals of sexuality and gender identity, all topics which are explored in this ethnography. Pascoe spent around eighteen months of fieldworkRead MoreEthnographic Study: Field Research in a Workplace Setting1030 Words   |  5 PagesAn ethnography, also referred to as field research, is a qualitative research method in which the researcher can directly observe what goes on at the research site as well as participate, including asking questions. It is a useful method for studying small groups, such as work groups, in their natural setting. Ethnography is the term used by cultural anthropologists for conducting field research. Sociologists tend to use the term field research or participant observation. Ethno means people andRead MoreThe Epistemology Of The Decision Making Process Of Burglars1629 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess of collecting data through observation and interviews. He argued that the aim of the research was to grasp â€Å"native’s point of view†. In order to reach the goal, the researcher must contact with his source in a daily basis. The researcher must become immersed in the culture under study (Gray, 2014). It was the members of Chicago School, Park, Dewey and Mead, that adapted anthropological methods to the study of culture (Creswell, 2013). It is through the ethnography that researcher becomes aRead MoreCaptivity Of North America And Continued As A Significant Genre Of American Literature Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesCaptivity narratives began with the settlement of North America and continued as a significant genre in American literature until the end of the nineteenth century. The first captivity narratives are believed to have been created by Native Americans who were captured by early Spanish explorers. However, the genre commonly refers to the accounts written by European settlers who were abducted by Native Americans. European settlers were fleeing to the â€Å"new land† in order to escape religious persecutions

Script for Emceeing Free Essays

Pleasantries†¦. After 41 years of dedicated service to the people of Dagupan City, it is just and right to give honor to someone we call mentor and mother. Mentor of every budding teacher who wanted to follow her footsteps and mother who gives worthwhile lessons in life and motherly advices to teachers like me. We will write a custom essay sample on Script for Emceeing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ladies and gentlemen, we are all gathered here for one common purpose†¦to celebrate, give due recognition and reminisce the unforgettable moments we had with our beloved†¦the one and only, Madam Aurora Tiu Domingo or simply Madam Oying! ******************************************************************************* Before everything else, let us all first seek for the Divine providence of our mighty creator with a prayer to be led by Angeline Liwag. ******************************************************************************** Music has always been part of every person’s life. Through its expressive lyrics, they make us smile when we are in our sad moments, or even uplift us when we feel so down†¦Folks, Let’s give it up for the Chalk and Eraser Band as they serenade sentimental songs for our beloved Madam Oying. Let’s give them a big hand. ) ******************************************************************************* 41 years is quite long pu blic service. This 41 years is for sure full of accolades from humble beginnings. Though an audio-visual presentation, let’s all see some of the highlights of 41 dedicated years of Madam Oying in Dagupan City Division. ******************************************************************************* Besides being an achiever, Friendly and always at her foot are most of the descriptions given to Madam Oying. It’s time for us to hear testimonies and presentations from the people deem important and influenced by our honoree. (Refer to the program â€Å"Testimonies and Presentations†) ********************************************************************************* Let’s now give the floor to Madam Oying for the Response to the testimonies and Presentation ********************************************************************************** Part II-Fellowship How to cite Script for Emceeing, Essay examples

Essay How I Stay Safe With Online Dating Essay Example For Students

Essay How I Stay Safe With Online Dating Essay How to Stay Safe With Online DatingIn recent years, online dating has become very popular with 1-in-5 Americans aged 25-34 years old using one or more of the many popular dating sites and apps, such as match.com, OkCupid, and PlentyOfFish. With the stigma of online dating gone, it’s turned out to be a great way to date, have fun, and potentially fall in love.However, online dating’s major drawcard is also it’s biggest flaw: you have no idea who the person you’re talking to really is. Romance scams are among the most common form of internet fraud, accounting for over $86 million dollars lost by Americans in 2014. It’s not only internet fraud that you need to think about, there is also the chance of physical harm. CallerSmart is all about protecting you from unknown or unwanted phone calls and texts. When meeting new singles online, exchanging phone numbers is usually one of the first things you do once you decide to meet in person. CallerSmart has an immense database of phone numbers and crowd-sourced information which lets you check your potential date’s number to see if anyone has commented on them. Many comments are positive, while others let you know if the person is a cheater, creep, or scammer.Getting Started:Regardless of age, gender or sexual orientation it s important to take certain precautions when setting up your online profile and meeting people in person. When setting up your profile there are a few tips to follow: Most dating sites require that you use an email to sign up. It’s a good idea to create a separate email that you use specifically for dating. It’s easy to create a free Gmail account and not only will this help keep you organized, but it will keep the new contacts that you make while dating se. .blic place and avoid secluded areas. If you drive don’t let your date walk you to your car and never share a ride until you know your date better. Always tell a friend the details of who, what, when and where.In addition to these tips, the University of Illinois LGBTQA Resource Office created a great list of things to keep in mind when meeting people online.The majority of the people you meet online will be like-minded individuals looking for love and companionship just like you. However, remember the best thing about online dating is also the worst thing. You will be meeting people outside of your social circle who could be lying to you about their identity and intentions. By doing simple things like making sure to tell a friend where you’re going and who you’ll be with you can make sure that you stay safe while having fun and meeting new singles in your area.

Environmental Issues International Business Essay Example

Environmental Issues International Business Paper Company has taken several measures to response to the alarm of reducing the oil consumption especially in research and development. In June 2006, Shell planned to $200 million wind farm on the island of Maim to eliminate the need for a coal-generating there and investing in producing ethanol from straw and Grass by contracts have been signed with the involvement of Idaho farmers as well as German company respectively. This has further increased other business opportunities which are environmentally good in moving towards competitive business era. However, good is not always good enough. Slouch (2006) however claimed that, increase in oil price leads more to price manipulation those big American Oil Companies. Since 1993 until 2005, there are tremendous increases in the control in oil refining which this will make those companies easier to manipulate gasoline by withholding the supplies for further increment. According to Ball (2006), Snowmobiles new CEO, he mentioned in The Wall Street Journal that his company has no plans to build new refineries even though American fuel consumption will continue growing for the next decade with a reason this will be bad for its long-term industry. Again, Slouch (2006) emphasized that Complexion refused to build new refineries because for its self-interest profit as when the refineries margin is becoming tighter, this will transform into a bigger profit. From all the above, global warming has triggered international business in many ways. It can be seen that there are pro and cons for every policy set up by government although they are initially made up to fix the situation. International business could not run anywhere except get involved and give cooperation to combat the global warming issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Issues International Business specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Issues International Business specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Issues International Business specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Regarding on the impact of leslies to international business, it can be argued, it is not necessarily for international to be more oriented to delivery of services as shipping of goods around the world is expected to be more expandable in the future. Besides that, increase in oil prices has driven oil companies to invest more on research and development for renewable energy which will open up more job opportunity (domestic and international). However, they are potentially having more incentives to manipulate the oil prices which will further affect the international business.

How To Write A Business Memo [Free PDF Template]

How To Write A Business Memo [Free PDF Template] What is the meaning of internal memo? The term "internal memo" is actually redundant since a memo is always an internal document. A memo is a business document that communicates information internally in an organization. A business letter communicates information outside of an organization. Email is used both inside and outside an organization. Here is a standard business memo format model. Note: a business memo should not exceed two pages. Memo Format Example Letterhead (drop down 1.5 inches from Letterhead) Memo To: Name of Person and Title in Organization From: Your Name Date: Month, Day, Year Subject: Be very specific (NOTE: There is no salutation greeting in a memo, as there is in a letter or email.) I propose that we purchase or lease a van to serve as a mobile bookstore. We could use this van to generate sales in the outlying towns and villages throughout the state where our retail stores are not penetrating. (Direct and brief introduction which sums up the point of the memo succinctly.) Rationale for Van (informative heading.) We have been aware for some time that many small towns around the state do not have adequate bookstore facilities, but the economics of the situation are such that we would not be able to open a comprehensive branch and operate it profitably. However, we could afford to stock a van with books and operate it for a few days at a time in various small towns throughout the state. As you are probably aware, the laws of this state would permit us to acquire a statewide business license fairly easily and inexpensively. (Provides brief, but full, background and feasibility information to the reader.) With the proper advance advertising, we should be able to generate much interest in this initiative. It seems to me that this idea has much merit because of the flexibility it offers us. For example, we could tailor the length of our stay to the size of the town and the amount of business generated. Also, we could customize our inventory to the needs and interests of the particular locales.(Additional persuasive information.) Actions Request The driver of the van would act as the salesperson, and we would, of course, have copies of our complete catalog so that mail orders could be taken as well. Please let me know your thoughts about this proposal. If you wish, I can explore the matter further and generate cost and sales estimates. (Clear closing that asks for specific action.) Memorandum Format PDF Example The Purdue University Online Writing Lab shares this downloadable PDF example. It provides another strong example of proper formatting. Notice the format: All text is justifed to the left side of the page. None of the first paragraphs are indented. Business documents use justified left format, while academic format indents the first paragraph. Text is single spaced between lines. There is double spacing between paragraphs. How to End a Memo Notice that there is no closing signature in a memo, as there would be in a business email or business letter. The best ending for a memo is a clear closing action, stated in the last paragraph. And, be very clear about what you want your reader to know or do after reading the memo, which makes it easy for your reader to respond. Master Business Writing in This Course: Effective Business Writing Techniques

National Drug Control Strategy Structure Research Paper

National Drug Control Strategy Structure - Research Paper Example There is a need to re-evaluate the approach that is in use. In order to be able to deal with this problem, several issues have to be looked into. The most fundamental is the availability of treatment, stigma related issues and availability of financial recourses. Although treatment for addiction is available in many places, in the United States, challenges still exist when it comes to accessibility and quality of services rendered. It is disturbing to note that those charged with the responsibility of treating substance abuse and addiction often criticize others that do not use methods similar to theirs (Califano, 2007). It should be noted that people need to be treated using different approaches depending on their level of addiction (USDHHS, 2009). High-end treatment centers tend to look down on public programs. Nonresidential programs/outpatient looks down on residential programs terming them unnecessary, expensive rip off programs (Califano, 2007). Every treatment center wants its’ approach to treatment to be considered the best. This should not be the case. Encouraging such behavior deals a serious blow to the fight against drug addiction. It is also not encouraging to those addicts that are willing to come out and seek help. The perception that the quality of treatment is not the same at different treatment centers should be eradicated (Ortiz, 2011). Treatment should be available to all patients regardless of the approach they use in seeking treatment. Whether public, private, inpatient or outpatient, the goal should be to ensure that the addict gets assistance to become clean. The government should subsidize the cost for treatment of drug addiction as much as possible. Organizations such as the Drug-Free Communities which is a support program can be used as treatment centers besides implementing anti-drug abuse strategies (Kerlikowske, 2011).

Environmental Impact Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Impact Analysis - Assignment Example It also leads to social problems that are interconnected to the perception of the people who reside in the area where such plants are situated. Nuclear power initiates from fission reaction in which the uranium atoms split into smaller constituents. The energy that is released during this fission reaction is used to produce steam. This steam is then further used in turbines to produce electricity. This method of electricity generation in accumulation is responsible to generate 20 percent of the electricity that is produced within the United States of America. There are more than hundred nuclear power plants currently in the United States of America that are producing this form of energy. (U.S. Energy Information Administration) Uranium is a radioactive metal that is cannot be regenerated by any humanly process. There are specific methods that are used to extract Uranium like the conventional mining technique or by leaching of chemicals. As soon as uranium has been extracted it is the n sent to the uranium processing plants so that they are converted in fuel that can be consumed for various purposes. This fuel is then carried to the nuclear plants for further work. (uranium reserves estimate, EIA) Furthermore when the fuel reaches the plant it is sent to the nuclear reactor, reactions occurs when the neutrons present in uranium undergo collisions that generates heat and produces a chain reaction. Through this process heat is obtained which produces steam to generate electricity in turbines. The environmental impacts of such reactions are mentioned as follows: Despite the fact that the government and other authorities in concern have formulated strict laws to protect the health of the people as well as to secure the environment irrespective of that there are still a vast range of the environmental problems and impacts that are linked to the generation of electricity through this medium. In my paper I would be discussing the various ways through which this form of energy is impacting us. Heat rejection is one of the major concerns that our environment is facing. In the same way we experience with the thermal generated power plants which produce electricity through fossils etc. nuclear power plants also need some way through which they can radiate heat energy which is part of their condensing system. (Bulletin of the atomic scientists, 1946, pg 17)The quantity of the heat that is generated from the various parts of the generating plant differ but an estimate states that about 60-70% of heat energy is released from the plant when a nuclear fuel is ejected.It is usually seen that some of the plant that uses a cooling towers whereas some plants have created an artificial lake or a naturally formed body of water. (Hoffelner, 2013, pg 309) Apart from that it is greatly affecting the marine life that are a part of the environment in which the heat is given out. Another adverse effect that the heat causes in the water is the changing of rate at which the rivers flow also the anomalies present in the water of the sea. A research that was done shows that the apparent rise that occurs in the sea level is almost 3mm/year in the Northeast coast of United States of America. (Kopytko, 2011, pg 318-333) These nuclear power generation plants do not produce normal radiation like carbon , sulphur dioxide or various other gases present in the environment, instead of that these plants radiate emissions which contain uranium which is far more harmful and has

Task Based Approach to Language Learning

Task Based Approach to Language Learning The past decade has witnessed the advent of task-based instructional approaches in different names including problem-based learning, situated learning and case-based learning. Though varied in names, they all seem to have one thing in common; they get learners involved with tasks or problems as contrasted with more traditional topic-centered curriculum approaches. (Merrill, 2007). Proponents of task-based learning believe that learners involved with real-world problems form appropriate schema and mental models as they collaboratively solve problems and reflect on their experience. Task-based instructional approaches have been widely adopted across a wide variety of discipline areas including medical training, social work, design, and language learning. This paper will discuss the implication of the task-based approach to second language learning where the method has been increasingly adopted and tried in many language classrooms across the world in the recent past. In this paper, the impact of task-based language learning will be explored with special regard to adult learners whose distinctive characteristics make task-based approaches more plausible and beneficial. Task-based instruction is a small, yet fast growing, trend in contemporary second language teaching. To give an example, the ERIC database shows over 120 articles on this issue since the beginning of this millennium. In order to discuss task-based learning properly, it is important to understand what the term task means. Task has been defined by various researchers including Nunan (2004) who wrote that a task is a piece of classroom work that involves learners in comprehending, manipulating, producing or interacting in the target language (p.9). Earlier than Nunan, Jane Willis (1996) defined task as an activity where the target language is used by the learner for a communicative purpose (goal) in order to achieve an outcome (p.23). While definitions vary somewhat among scholars, they all emphasize that pedagogical task involves communicative language use where users attention is focused on meaning rather than grammatical form (Nunan, 2006, p.17). Stemming from the constructivist theory of learning, task-based instruction has emerged in response to the limitations of the traditional PPP (presentation, practice and performance) paradigm (Ellis, 2003). While the PPP approach is relatively straightforward and well-structured to be easily understood by both students and beginner teachers, it has also been criticized considerably for the characteristic that it is far too teacher-oriented and over controlled. Furthermore, the trend of globalization has urged educators and governments to improve communicative competence among second language learners, and the PPP approach has not been effective in fulfilling the mission. Short, Harste Burke argued that the behaviorist PPP approach in language instruction has been to set up desired goals independently of the learners or the situation, present language in a structured and linear fashion, then attempt to reinforce the content through non-contextualized practices. As a result, learners end up knowing about the language but not how to use it (as cited in Abdullah, 1998). As an alternative to the PPP paradigm, task-based lesson is designed around authentic and meaningful real-world tasks, which learners are asked to complete collaboratively as they interact among each other making use of all available language resources they own. The approach is based on the fundamental assumption that, as Jeon (2006) noted, language learning is a developmental process promoting communication and social interaction rather than a product acquired by practicing language items, and that learners learn the target language more effectively when they are naturally exposed to meaningful task-based activities.(p.193) Task-based approach is recognized as an effective means of developing students language output and interaction. More student-centered learning environment helps learners exercise greater flexibility in using language, develop linguistic fluency, and allows for meaningful communication. Authentic tasks carefully drawn from real-world situations will keep learners engaged and motivated more easily, which will result in better learning. As Harrington, Oliver and Reeves (2003) have pointed out, more contextualized exercises, as contrasted with academic and decontextualized vacuum, will create a learning environment which will have learners immersed in problem solving within realistic situations. The approach ultimately help teachers bridge the gap between language practically used in real world and unnatural language used within the world of school. In spite of growing evidence of success, task-based instruction shows some limitations as well. One of the most significant and frequently voiced criticisms is that the method is not as effective or appropriate to lower level language learners with limited prior linguistic knowledge as it is to higher level students. Due to the significant amount of cognitive burden it poses on learners, beginning language learners who are asked to complete a challenging task in the target language often find the situation frustrating and, as a result, develop resistance to the learning method. When asked to use all the language they can muster to express themselves, beginning language learners who are unfamiliar with the learning context may not feel comfortable or productive as if they are thrown to a deep sea when they cannot swim (Willis, 1996). In task-based learning classrooms, frustration is not only with learners but with teachers as well. In his survey conducted among English as Second Langu age (ESL) teachers in East Asian countries, Littlewood (2007) found out that key obstacles to adopting task-based instructional approach in their classrooms were; 1) difficulties getting unmotivated students participate in tasks that usually require a higher level of motivation and enthusiasm from learners, and 2) inability to manage classroom as students get easily distracted and become noisy as they engage in group interaction to complete tasks collaboratively. While these difficulties tend to arise more conspicuously in classrooms involving younger students, adult learners may benefit more from task-based instruction. In general, adult learners demonstrate distinctive characteristics that set them apart from younger learners, and some of these learning characteristics make task-based approach more plausible and appropriate for adult learners. Knowles (1990) developed adult learning theory of Andragogy based on the following assumptions: (1) Adults need to know why they need to learn something, (2) Adults need to learn experientially, (3) Adults are life-centered (or task- or problem-centered) in their orientation to learning, (4) Adults become ready to learn when their life situation create a need to learn, (5) Adults have a self-concept of being responsible for their own decisions, and (6) Adults are motivated to learn by internal factors rather than external ones. According to these assumptions, adult learners are more motivated and more eager to learn than younger learners, have clearer goals and needs than younger learners who often might be learning a language only because it is required, and take control of their own learning. They are also oriented towards problem-solving learning and they learn best when knowledge is presented in real-life context. Obviously, constructivist task-based instructional approach and Andragogy share many aspects in common as they both emphasize ownership of the learning process by learners, experiential learning and a problem-solving approach to learning (Huang, 2002). Therefore, task-based approach can be seen as an ideal match for adult learners who in general are less likely to pose above mentioned concerns voiced by teachers. As compared to traditional pedagogy, task-based instructional method demands increased competencies from teachers who will play a key role in making task-centered language learning successful. As a facilitator, teachers need to infuse the spirit of adventurism in the class to turn students into active learners who are willing to take a risk. It is also important that teachers allow learners time to make gradual adjustment to the unfamiliar learning method, provide necessary encouragement in the process, and build confidence (Curran, Deguent, Lund, Miletto, Straeten, 2000). Effective teachers in the task-based learning environment should also be able to vary the level of tasks to accommodate the needs of beginner or lower level learners in their classrooms. Effective language classroom instruction strategies require more than a simple understanding of the significance of communication skills. To help learners become active communicators, teachers should be able to employ instructional strategies that allow and support sufficient practicing of the language they have learned. Task-based instructional approach creates a learning environment where learners take control of their own learning and freely explore communicative skills focusing on tasks that are drawn from authentic real-world situations. Despite some limitations, task-based approach is still an attractive method in the field of language learning. The approach can be particularly useful in classrooms involving adult learners since their distinctive learning characteristics well match the constructivist elements of the task-based learning. With a wide variety of learning options such as distance learning readily available to todays adult learners, the number of classrooms involvin g adult learners has increased significantly in recent years. Although no single method fits all classrooms and learners in all contexts, task-based approach seems to be a highly viable option especially for adult language learners. Amidst more language classrooms moving away from traditional teacher-centered learning activities to student-centered learning environments, the responsibilities of instructors have become even greater in the instructional design process to devise adequate strategies to guide learners towards successful learning.

Artifacts

The life of everyday 2012 Americans would be massively effected if they had no cellular phones. Since cellular phones were considered advanced back then they could carry â€Å"APS† and â€Å"the internet†, with these two things humans could most likely do almost everything from their phone, except eat and drink. Most everyone in 2012 has a phone for communication purposes, since people travel far away and do not stay close to the home. Although a cellular phone was a status symbol, It was also seed to take â€Å"pictures†, and to decorate, in 2012 they had things called â€Å"phone cases† and â€Å"phone charms†.This Just fed into the obsession with the use for cellular phones and other technologies. Cellular Phones challenge the Christian faith because they are such a temptation. Since Americans got all the worlds information to their phones, they kept their cellular phones close. They left these devices on loud ringers too, this way they were noti fied when a text came up, or something In their social media circle. But 2012 Christians should be more focused on serving the Lord's will, rather than satisfying their need to stay â€Å"updated†.In the more ancient Roman times, the Christian were faced with the dawning task of trying to â€Å"fit in† with the regular society, so they had to pretend to worship false idols. But the Ancient Roman Christians rose above that, they knew that with the help of God that life would learn to accept Christianity as a real religion. Roman Christian would just have to remain faithful to God and know that it is in his will that they learn o resist temptations and to stay faithful even through the persecution. My second artifact that I uncovered was a â€Å"Cool Story BRB. Tell it again. † Sweatshirt.This sweatshirt represents clothing that Americans wore in 2012, this would also be considered Ideas and Values. These types of sweatshirts were used to gain attention, both posi tive and negative, with a catchy slogan. This effects the dally lives of Americans living In 2012 because sweatshirts, were used for warmth. But they could serve another purpose too, living in 2012 the world was all about fashion, so any people wore sweatshirts with catchy slogans because it was â€Å"hip† The main reason it was a challenge to the lives of Christians living in 2012 was because the slogan â€Å"Cool Story BRB.Tell it Again. † is supposed to make the person telling the long and uninteresting thing feel like their words were not important. So their words feel less important with such a rude phrase. Ancient Roman Christians must have felt the same way because since they lived in a time were false idols were constantly being worshiped, believing in a Heavenly Father made them unimportant. Ancient Romans treated the Christian word like we do now with that catchy slogan; they denounce all meaning in our messages, our prophets, and our bible verses.The Christi ans rose above all the hate and mean glares that were given to them in Ancient Roman times, so it should be easier for Christians in 2012 to be able to turn their heads away from the fallen decedents of Jesus Christ. It is only God's will if people want to reject our messages, and our teachings. We will always as Christians stay faithful no matter what, and continue to speak of God's Grace. The third and final artifact that I discovered is a women fragrance, names â€Å"Rubble† by Ranch.This artifact goes under social life, and ideas and values. In 2012, women were obsessed with smelling good, it was not uncommon for one women to have more than 3 perfumes in her bathroom or bedroom. This was all because of the idea that women must smell good, to be attractive; of course there were other things women had to suffer through to be considered attractive. But none the less, women were objectified to be a perfect person. This posed a challenge to Christians and their faith because; Christian women would not be focused on achieving preferences.The only one who can be perfect is God, who made us, and teaches us daily. Although it was tempting for Christian women to object themselves to the culture around them, they knew that in the end it wouldn't be the preferences that got them to heaven, and that they wouldn't be Judge on their appearance. In the end Christian women knew that they must stay faithful to God, and know that he is the only one who Judges us in the end. In Ancient Roman times, women-not Just Christian- were faced with the same reality.The cultures around them made everyone think that women have to be a certain way to be beautiful, this has been etched out through all of time since Adam and Eve, and the dinosaurs. Christian women of faith should not be discouraged by the perfect image formed by society and pop culture. They should only strengthen their faith, becoming closer with God. God doesn't see you as you, he sees you as the person he created , and a loving human being. God is the only one who Judges you when you leave this world, so why should you care who Judges you in this world? Artifacts They include tools, dwellings, artifacts, war machinery and music instruments among others. Material culture advanced at different speeds in different communities depending major on the needs of the community at that particular time and technological ability. Building structures such as homes and roads, which are products of architecture, provide the major contribution to material culture. This brings out clearly the importance of architecture in the development of material culture, and the same way, material culture is so important in architecture and other fields as discussed below.For architects, material culture can be a great source of inspiration in designing of buildings. Many architectural designs source their inspiration from the material culture of a society. Physical cultural elements such as the African hut, the gourd, the African pot and the African mat have inspired African architecture. A good number of buildings in Africa have their inspiration from very old buildings in Asia and Europe, mostly religious places of worship such as the churches and mosques, almost all mosques have a similar design that traces its origin way back in the Asian countries where McHugh style of architecture was plopped.Such are forms of material culture as they played a central role in defining the religion of the people during that time. Since material culture is tangible, and in most cases very durable, it provides a concrete support and evidence in proving historical facts. By collecting and studying material culture, historians are able to validate and prove their claims. In the study of the origin of man, Charles Darwin could have not in any way convinced a single person that man evolved from the same evolutionary path as primates.But through the evidence gathered from the mains of the stone tools and artifacts at the areas belied to have been the dwellings of the early man, it was much easier for him to prove his point that man evolved from apes. Material culture enables us to gauge the level of development of a people. In the modern world, there exists a different level of gauging the development of societies I. E. The developed countries such as USA china, Japan and Britain, the developing countries such as Brazil Kenya and south Africa and also the third world countries.What leads to such difference in classification is mainly the kind of materials these societies use and their technological advancement. We are able to measure how advanced the ancient societies were through the study of their material culture, for example the early civilizations such as Mesopotamia and Egypt, through studying the remains of their agricultural tools, we are able to comfortably conclude that such civilizations had sophisticated technology as per that time. In the more recent societies of Rome and Jerusalem, by getting knowledge of their architecture, we find how much they were technologically advanced.This is important in that it gives us onscreen evidence to use in gauging the level of development of a people. Material culture is a source of heritage and pride of a people. The tangible evidence of the technological advancement is a source of pride as a heritage of a people, historic buildings and artifacts owned by a society provides them with something to show off their history and advancement in various fields of Science and Mathematics. For example the Fort Jesus building in Lama, the Geed ruins, these are sources of pride for Kenya as they are historical places that define the history of Kenya.Famous old buildings such as the Dome of the Rock located on the Temple Mount in the old City of Jerusalem, SST. Pewter's Basilica in Rome, Italy, Acropolis of Athens, the Pantheon in Rome, the Parthenon in Athens, Decent Mosque in Mali, the Great Pyramids of Egypt and Haggis Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey are great heritages of the communities that associate with them and the countries in which they have been in existence for centuries. They are a source of pride and give a visual impression of the history of the people in those places. References; www. Du. Com

Good and Bad Discrimination Essay

When the word discrimination is brought up there is an automatic negative response, due to the fact that most have this idea that there is only bad discrimination. This comes from people using stereotypes and being prejudice which creates detrimental situations. However, when a person discriminates it does not mean they are trying to be harmful. Discrimination is when one distinctively favors or is against certain groups, categories, people, and classes and or things that may come from them. Discrimination it’s self is not bad, but the things that can stem from it, are actually what makes people look at it negatively. People discriminate for many reasons such as religion, race, and even for business and employment. It is one thing to have a preference over something else but to actually deny a person over what race, or religion they are is perverse. Now there are some positives when decisions are made about things depending on an individual’s race or religion. There are people who only want to date or marry to the same race, religion, culture, category, class, and things like that. And that does not always mean that they are being racist, stereotypical, prejudice or anything of that nature but that they simple are particular. There are even laws that require for workplaces to accommodate for their employees religion just along their religious practices will not bring problems to the employer. However, in the eyes of the employer they may feel as though if they indeed hire someone with certain beliefs that conflict may arise even if they are unintentional, and a decision maybe made to avoid that. Which is a decent argument but it still is a form of discrimination. One of the biggest reasons people discriminate is that they are actually afraid of what they may or may not understand. â€Å"The fear of that which is different, that which we do not understand, could have been an adaptive strategy early on in our history† (Why Does Discrimination Occur?. Ehow. com ). Instead of learning how to live with something and become more educated about it they cast it out. Especially if it is something that it out of the norm, or different. Such as homosexuality, a lot of people are homophobic. They have an unreasonable fear of homosexuals and which they may have their reasons as to why. Some people take it past the limits to make people are attracted to the same sex feel different, unaccepted, or unwanted all because they are ignorant of that culture. They have no idea what it is like and instead of trying to comprehend, they use negativity. Now there is nothing wrong with not being gay, and disagreeing with it but an opinion does not have to be expressed in a way that may be harmful. Just because a person is not apart of a certain group does not excuse the act of disrespecting another group or category. A lot of individuals will argue that it is simply wrong, and that it should not be permitted due to religious reasoning. Yes, that does make a lot of since, but I am very sure that many people do things that go against their religion all the time, they just happen to be discrete. Some people are afraid or have been brought up to not over step the boundaries so when others do not abide by the same rules they are automatically looked down upon. Society assigns everyone a certain social identity. Which ever category a person is placed they tend to accept others who are from the same group as they are. Prejudice is derived from our tendency to divide world into ‘us’ and ‘them†( Musa, Prejudice Discrimination and Stereotype). This causes great division between people which is one of the reasons why a lot of people categorize other individuals. Being that prejudice, discrimination, and stereotype are in society there are social aspects and effects. â€Å"Exposure to derogatory ethnic labels can elicit conformity pressures with people wanting to fit-in† ( Musa, Prejudice Discrimination and Stereotype). Generally people fear to be outcast so they go with the crowd. Afraid that if they choose not to agree then they might become socially unexpected. â€Å"People can reduce their reliance on stereotypes by consciously saying ‘no’ to association between stereotypes and specific social groups† ( Musa, Prejudice Discrimination and Stereotype). It would make a lot of since for people to simply not discriminate sadly that simply will not happen. Either way it may go it is up to the person on what they will choose to do, but social impact has a lot to do with the decisions people make. â€Å"Social influence plays a role in both maintenance and reduction discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes. Evidence suggesting that members of their group hold less prejudiced views are out of line with most people of their group, they may change their views. † ( Musa, Prejudice Discrimination and Stereotype). â€Å"It may be conceived that because someone is guilty of discrimination that she is mean, angry and hateful, which very well may be the case. However, when we understand that within us all lies some form of discrimination, whether passive or aggressive, it should once again lead us to the conclusion that, of course, it is very easy to discriminate. (Why Is It So Easy To Discriminate? , eHow. com). Every person has their preferences, how they choose to go about them is completely their discretion. There are those who are prejudice, stereotypical, and who discriminate negatively acknowledge it and own up to it. â€Å"Each and every one of us stereotype and have a prejudice of something. Every single one of us. I stereotype fat people. I make fun of them, I call them lazy. Is it right? No. Should people suffering from obesity be kept from living their lives because of my prejudice and stereotypes of them? Absolutely not. † (Kriss 2010). Those who do discriminate have a point of view and some respectively explain them. Kriss discriminates against fat people, does she have that right? Yes, she knows that she should not do it, but she still stands by her opinion no matter what anyone else thinks. Everyone discriminates to a center extent because everyone has their own opinions, and make their own decision with different dependents. Yet and still there things that are wrong which happen to be connected to discriminating and even misconceptions. The way a person behaves is by far their own choice. People are raised differently, have different life experiences, and choose to surround themselves with certain crowds that may differ from others. There are exceptions and there are non exceptions, but being close minded will bring nothing but ignorance. There will always be discrimination because everyone will always have a preference. and there is really nothing that can be done about it. Also prejudice and stereotypes that comes with life. Everything has a positive and a negative.

Nature Of The Organisation A Australian Islamic Loans

Nature of the Organisation MAIL (Mate Australian Islamic Loans) is an organisation created with young Australian Muslims in mind. It aims to help young Australians get Islamic compliant home loans and car financing without having to do any complicated research about the rules and regulations that allow loans to be Sharia compliant in Australia – this means that they can be assured that they can borrow the money they need without contravening their religious principles. Ethical Obligations Ethical obligations are a set of standards that define a moral course of action and draw a line between right and wrong within the organisation. The ethical obligations placed on MAIL include those that are placed on all financial organisations but also†¦show more content†¦Legal obligations for general companies include: †¢ Keeping financial records including: o General ledger o Cash records o Debtor and sales records o Creditor and purchases o Wage and superannuation records o A register of property, plant and equipment showing transactions and balances in relation to individual items o Inventory records o Investment records o Tax returns and calculations o Deeds, contracts and agreements. †¢ When the organisation is set-up, you must: o Register the name with ASIC and obtain an Australian company number (ACN) o Have a registered office †¢ You must also: o Display the company name at every place at which your company carries on business and that is open to the public. Also, a public company must display its name and the words ‘registered office’ prominently at its registered office. o Display the company name, the words ‘Australian Company Number’ (or ‘ACN’) or ‘Australian Business Number’ (or ‘ABN’) and the relevant number on: ï‚ § The common seal (if the company has one) ï‚ § Every public document of the company ï‚ § Every negotiable instrument (e.g. cheque, promissory note ) of the company ï‚ § All documents lodged with ASIC †¢ The organisation must keep: o Registers of members (shareholders) o Registers of charges created by the company over company property (s271 of the Corporations Act was